What condition involves the skin having spots lighter than the surrounding area?

The condition characterized by the skin having spots lighter than the surrounding area is known as hypopigmentation. Hypopigmentation occurs when there is a reduction in melanin production, leading to lighter patches on the skin. This can be caused by various factors, including skin injuries, certain skin conditions, or imbalances in melanin formation.

In contrast, hyperpigmentation refers to darker areas of the skin due to excess melanin production, often resulting from sun exposure, hormonal changes, or skin inflammation. Vitiligo is a specific condition associated with depigmentation, where skin loses its pigment in patches, but it is often classified more specifically than just hypopigmentation. Albinism is a genetic condition that results in little or no melanin production throughout the body, but it affects the entire skin and hair, rather than localized spots. Therefore, hypopigmentation is the most accurate term for describing skin spots lighter than the surrounding area.