North Dakota Cosmetology Practice Exam

Hormonal changes are a significant cause of acne, particularly during puberty, menstruation, or hormonal fluctuations associated with conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). During these times, the body experiences increases in androgens, which are hormones that can lead to an overproduction of sebum—the oily substance produced by sebaceous glands. Excess sebum can clog pores, creating an environment conducive to acne formation when combined with dead skin cells and bacteria.

In addition to hormonal influences, the skin's natural barrier may be compromised during these times, making it more susceptible to inflammation and bacterial growth, both of which contribute to acne. This highlights how deeply intertwined hormonal activity is with skin health and acne development, making it a primary factor to consider when evaluating acne causes.

Other factors such as bacterial infections, environmental pollution, and excessive sun exposure can contribute to skin issues but are not as directly linked to the core mechanisms that underpin the development of acne as hormonal changes are.