What describes the body's ability to destroy, resist, and recognize infection?

The body's ability to destroy, resist, and recognize infection is defined as immunity. Immunity encompasses both the innate and adaptive immune responses that protect the body from pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders. The innate immune system provides a first line of defense through physical and chemical barriers, as well as various immune cells that respond quickly to infection. The adaptive immune system develops a targeted response, including the production of antibodies and memory cells, which allows for a quicker and more effective response to previously encountered pathogens.

In contrast, infection control refers to the practices and procedures implemented to prevent the spread of infections, particularly in healthcare settings, rather than the biological mechanisms within the body. Disinfection involves the use of chemical agents to eliminate or reduce harmful microorganisms on surfaces and equipment, whereas sanitization is a broader term that refers to reducing microbial counts to safe levels. While these terms are essential in the context of hygiene and infection prevention, they do not pertain to the body's immune function, which is best captured by the concept of immunity.