North Dakota Cosmetology Practice Exam

What is the main ingredient in permanent wave solutions?

1. Hydrogen peroxide

2. Ammonium thioglycolate

3. Silicone

4. Alcohol

The correct answer is: Ammonium thioglycolate

The main ingredient in permanent wave solutions is ammonium thioglycolate. This chemical compound serves as a reducing agent in the perm process. It works by breaking down the disulfide bonds in the hair's keratin structure, allowing the hair to be reshaped and set into a curl or wave. Ammonium thioglycolate is effective because it is pH balanced, which makes it gentle enough for use on hair while still being strong enough to create long-lasting curls. When hair is treated with this solution, it becomes pliable and can be rolled into curlers. Once the hair is shaped, a neutralizer containing an oxidizing agent, often hydrogen peroxide, is applied to reform the disulfide bonds in their new shape. Other options mentioned do not serve as the main ingredient for permanent wave solutions. Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used as a neutralizing agent in the perming process rather than a primary component of the waving solution. Silicone is used in various hair care products for conditioning and smoothing rather than in permanent wave solutions. Alcohol can be found in some hair products but is not a key ingredient in the wave formulation.